The definition of an adaptogen was first proposed by Soviet scientists in the late 1950s, who described it as any substance that can affect both sick and healthy individuals by “correcting” dysfunctions without causing unwanted side effects, which served as the foundation for future research (1).
In the 1990s, scientists Hildebert Wagner, George Wikman, and Alexander Panossian conducted extensive studies on adaptogens, refining the concept. They defined adaptogens as natural bioregulators that enhance the body’s ability to adapt to environmental stressors and reduce damage caused by those factors. Adaptogens were found to minimize the body’s stress response, reducing negative reactions during the alarm phase and mitigating or delaying the onset of the exhaustion phase associated with the general adaptation syndrome (2).
After more than fifty years of research, the definition of adaptogens has evolved. In 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) described adaptogens as a new type of metabolic regulator that aids in environmental adaptation and helps prevent external harm, marking a shift towards using adaptogens as a functional term (3)(4).
Adaptogenic properties are most commonly found in specific plants and mushrooms, with plant-based adaptogens being the most prevalent (5). Some mushrooms contain adaptogens that help the body adjust to both internal and external stressors, restoring balance and regulating various biological processes (6).
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874100001811
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rbfar/a/XH4QMTczHgcsSyxyRgsj9Mr/?lang=en
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9818799/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6240259/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711322004330
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9328747/